Citation Style - APA

Unpublished Dissertation / Thesis:

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial (if given). (Year). Title of dissertation: Subtitle if given. (Unpublished master’s thesis or doctoral dissertation). Name of Institution Awarding Degree. 

Example:

Curry, J.  (2016).  A guide to educating single mothers about early gang intervention and prevention (Unpublished master’s thesis).  Pacific Oaks College.

Published Dissertation / Thesis from a database:

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Title of dissertation: Subtitle if given. (Publication No. #) [Doctoral dissertation or Master's thesis, Name of Institution Awarding Degree]. Database Name.

Example:

Leigh, J. (2010). Self-determined mindfulness and attachment style in college students (Publication No. 305210119) [Doctoral dissertation, Indiana State University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.

Published Dissertation / Thesis from a website (e.g. in institutional repositories):

Author - last name, initial(s). (Year). Title of thesis – italicised [Doctoral dissertation or Master's thesis, Name of Institution Awarding Degree]. Archive name. http://www.xxxxxx

Examples:

Miller, T. (2019). Enhancing readiness: An exploration of the New Zealand Qualified Firefighter Programme [Master's thesis, Auckland University of Technology]. Tuwhera. https://openrepository.aut.ac.nz/handle/10292/12338

Kelly, C. B. D. (2018). The art of coffee roasting: Investigations into sensor development for the application of controlling coffee roasting [Doctoral thesis, The University of Waikato]. The University of Waikato Research Commons. https://hdl.handle.net/10289/11614

According to APA, government publications can be considered Books, Technical/Research Reports or Brochures.

Name of Government Department, Agency or Committee. (Year of Publication). Title of document: Subtitle if given (edition if given and is not first edition). Publisher Name.

National Health Council. (2019). Americans' experience with chronic illness care in 2019.

Note: When the government department, agency or committee that created the document is also the publisher, omit the publisher name in the reference.

Blog Post:

Author's Last Name, First intial. Second Initial if Given or Username if real name not provided. (Year blog post was published, Month Day). Title of blog post. Title of Blog. URL

Avino, K. (2022, February 9). Becoming the healthiest version of yourself. Her Culture. From https://www.herculture.org/blog/2022/2/9/becoming-the-healthiest-version-of-yourself

Twitter:

Author Surname, Initial(s). [Author’s screen name]. (Year tweet was posted, Month, Day). Title [Tweet]. Retrieved from URL

Facebook:

Page Author. (n.d.). Page title [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieval date and URL

YouTube:

Author Surname, Initial(s). [Author screen name if different from author]. (Year, Month, Day).  Title of video [Video file]. Retrieved from URL 

Harvard University. (2019, August 28). Soft robotic gripper for jellyfish [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=guRoWTYfxMs

Podcasts, vidcasts, vodcasts:

Surname of primary contributor, Initial(s). (Role of primary contributor, e.g. Producer, Director). (Year, Month, Day). Title [Audio

       podcast] or [Video podcast]. Retrieved from URL

Cornish, A. (Host). (2017, May 17). This simple puzzle test sealed the fate of immigrants at Ellis Island [Audio podcast transcript]. In All things considered. NPR. http://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=528813842

Sometimes an author of a book, article or website will mention another person’s work by using a quotation or paraphrased idea from that source. The work that is mentioned in the article you are reading is called the primary source. The article you are reading is called the secondary source.

For example, suppose you are reading an article by Brown (2014) that cites information from an article by Snow (1982) that you would like to include in your essay. For the reference list, you will only make a citation for the secondary source (Brown). You do not put in a citation for the primary source (Snow) in the reference list. For the in-text citation, you identify the primary source (Snow) and then write "as cited in" the secondary source (Brown). If you know the year of the publication of the primary source, include it in the in-text citation. Otherwise, you can omit it. See below for examples.

Examples of in-text citations:

According to a study by Snow (1982, as cited in Brown, 2014), 75% of students believe that teachers should not assign nightly homework. Narrative In-text Citation (Paraphrasing)

Note: If you don't have the publication date of Snow's article, you just omit it like this:
According to a study by Snow (as cited in Brown, 2014), 75% of students believe that teachers should not assign nightly homework.

In fact, 75% of students believe that teachers should not assign nightly homework (Snow, 1982, as cited in Brown, 2014). Parenthetical In-text Citation (Paraphrasing)

Snow (1982, as cited in Brown, 2014) concluded that "nightly homework is a great stressor for many students" (p.34). Narrative In-text Citation (Quoting)

Example of Reference list citation:

Brown, S. (2014). Trends in homework assignments. Journal of Secondary Studies, 12(3), 29-38. http://doi.org/fsfsbit

*This section is taken from:

Kowal, H.LibGuides: APA citation guide (7th edition) : In-text citation. Retrieved Jan 25, 2023, from https://columbiacollege-

ca.libguides.com/c.php?g=713274&p=5082934